In 1966, German-American computer scientist Joseph Weizenbaum created ELIZA &mdash with just two hundred threads of code, one of the earliest "chatbots" in history, where she could talk to her by just typing on her computer. Eliza has anot...
In 1966, German-American computer scientist Joseph Weizenbaum created ELIZA &mdash with just two hundred threads of code, one of the earliest "chatbots" in history, where she could talk to her by just typing on her computer. Eliza has another very special form of dialogue —— a human-oriented treatment and a patient.
This thing seems amazing at first glance, but in fact, the Eliza program only takes the clip response from the user side (that is, the user himself) and then changes it to a question. In this way, it becomes a super simplified version of the basic human-centered psychological therapy skill "reflective listening". For example, if you enter "I'm having a hard time", Eliza may respond, "How long have you been?" It is completely the operation mode when people usually ask and answer.
{} Anyone can do it, it's good if someone hears me.Although Eliza herself has some clever tricks (such as transferring the question, or actively asking the user to explain it clearly), it can avoid the conversation being in trouble, but this program is still subject to many restrictions and can only be regarded as a simple virtual healer. Even so, this program is very successful in "taking falsehood". Most users believe that they are interacting with a real healer and have successfully inspire users to express their inner privacy with great hearts.
Wisenham discovered that non-technical personnel in his office (including his book) would spend hours revealing private questions to the program, and when he revealed to the book that he actually saw all their conversations, the book was very angry and angry about his privacy being violated. At the same time, Visenham was also very strange. Living people actually established such a deep relationship with just a few lines of code.
Eliza has always been regarded as a sharp criticism, and her appearance is equivalent to a heavy face that made her psychological treatment style at that time. In fact, anyone can easily imitate the "hearing method". Next time someone complains to you and you have to listen, just ask the other party: "How do you think?"; then regardless of what the other party answers, you repeatedly ask him: "How do you think?" ……
Although the above practices are a bit funny, this "humanistic psychology" based on personal characteristics is an important development in the history of psychology and is still an important concept of psychological treatment today. So, what are the principles behind human psychology?
Humanistic psychology originated from the reaction to the behavioral school. The behavior school denies free will and consciousness in its entirety (see page 52), and at the same time, he does not agree that Freud describes life as "a pull between immoral desires and sneaky emotions" (how can it be so gloomy). In fact, the psychoanalysis of the behavioral school and Freud are more or less determined, while the humanistic psychology school will definitely find clear methods, and attempt to become the "third force" proposed by Abraham Maslow, which must respect the autonomy and self-consciousness of the individual (see the end column of this chapter).
The name of "humanistic psychology" comes from the same book "Humanistic Psychology" (1958) by British psychologist John Cohen; when mentioning treatment methods, it emphasizes the "person-based" or "patient-based" method. The most famous advocate is Carr, an American psychotherapist. Carl Rogers, who is committed to redirecting psychology to human experience, meaning and choice.
Overall, humanistic psychology is more positive than the two schools it opposes (behavioral school and psychoanalysis), and emphasizes the potential of individuals to achieve self-realization (self-realization refers to becoming a satisfied and psychologically complete person). But many critics believe that humanistic psychology can only be regarded as philosophy rather than science, because it lacks certification and cannot be tested.
Maslow developed a demand level model, listing various needs that drive behaviors, generate value, and bring meaning to life, called the hierarchy of needs.
Basic needs include simple flesh needs (such as food and safety), as well as slightly complex needs (such as self-esteem and being loved). A relatively high-level need includes fairness, autonomy, integrity and aesthetics. This need helps achieve the ultimate goal of adults: self-realization (self-realization requires a sense of humor, deep self-reliance and other characteristics).
In addition to this, there are higher requirements, including discovery, transcendence, aesthetics (aestgetics, or transcendence). This type of demand can allow people to obtain peak experience, which means a harmonious moment that transcends the self and is said to be a feeling as vivid as the ocean.
